Tag: Nature Briefing

Hello Nature readers,
Today we learn that physicists have created the largest ever quantum ‘superposition’, discover the oldest cave painting in the world and explore why girls are starting puberty earlier than ever.

Schrödinger’s cat just got larger

In the iconic quantum double-slit experiment, a photon acts like a wave and interferes with itself — illustrating the mind-boggling concept that particles can exist in a ‘superposition’ of possible locations at once. But just how big can such a quantum object be? At least as big as a blob of around 7,000 sodium atoms, it turns out. Using a painstakingly constructed experimental set-up, researchers managed to observe tell-tale interference patterns for sodium clusters some 8 nanometres wide, with superpositions that stretched across 133 nanometres. The clusters are as big as some viruses, raising the tantalizing possibility of putting biological matter through the same experimental set-up.

Nature | 5 min read
Go deeper with physicist Tim Kovachy’s analysis in the Nature News & Views article (9 min read, Nature paywall)
Reference: Nature paper

Fluorescent protein controlled with magnets

Researchers have engineered magnetically controlled fluorescent proteins that can be remotely dimmed and brightened in bacterial cells and in animals. The dimming is due to an effect through which the quantum properties of an electron pair in the protein could be altered by a magnetic field. This effect allows researchers to manipulate the brightness of the protein in E. coli bacteria with a combination of magnets and radio waves. The hope is that these proteins’ magnetic sensitivity can be exploited to develop remote-controlled biosensors, or even therapies that can be turned on and off when needed.

Nature | 4 min read
Reference: Nature paper

Stencilled hand painting is oldest-known art

The outline of a hand discovered in an Indonesian cave has been dated to at least 67,800 years ago — the oldest known example of cave art in the world. The researchers who discovered the painting suggest that it was made using a stencil that was altered to give the shape a claw-like appearance. The finding provides circumstantial backing for a controversial theory that early humans had arrived in Sahul — the landmass that once encompassed modern-day Australia and New Guinea — by 65,000 years ago, around 15,000 years earlier than previously thought.

BBC | 6 min read
Reference: Nature paper

Why girls are starting puberty younger

Around the world, girls are starting puberty younger than they once did — a trend that some research hints mysteriously accelerated during the COVID-19 pandemic. Increasing body weight has almost certainly played a part in this change, researchers say, and exposure to hormone-disrupting chemicals or stress could also be implicated. An earlier puberty has been linked to higher risks of conditions including heart disease and breast cancer. Clinicians are trying to work out how and whether to intervene, be that medically or through support to mitigate the social and psychological risks.

Nature | 12 min read

Elizabethan tips for keeping a house warm

Hardwick Hall, a stately home in the United Kingdom, was constructed in the 1590s during a prolonged period of cold known as the ‘Little Ice Age’. The mansion was intentionally erected on a north-south axis, with windows strategically placed to make the most of sunlight and fireplaces only on internal walls — measures that kept the inside of the house relatively balmy. This temperature-conscious design could offer modern architects tips on how to construct buildings that better regulate their internal temperatures without relying on air conditioning or central heating, historians say.

BBC Future | 15 min read

The risks of social media for ADHD teens

Teenagers with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are particularly prone to long hours of compulsive scrolling on social media, the result of differences in how their brains regulate attention and reward. They are also disproportionately likely to use social media in dangerous ways such as sharing personal information and engaging in risky interactions. But researchers can’t say definitively whether social media fuels ADHD or simply feeds on it.

Nature | 8 min read
This article is part of Nature Outlook: ADHD, an editorially independent supplement produced with financial support from Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc.

Hello Nature readers,
Today we discover that same-sex sexual behaviour is normal in some primates, investigate the evolutionary history of birds and learn that the US Environmental Protection Agency will stop including human health in cost–benefit analyses.

Same-sex sex is no big deal for primates

Sexual behaviour between primates of the same sex is part of the normal lives of some species and could play an important part in their long-term success. Researchers identified instances of same-sex sexual behaviour in 59 species of non-human primate, and suggest that it might be a response to harsh environments, predation and complex social hierarchies. “A lot of people have long regarded same-sex behaviour as an accident, or rare,” says evolutionary biologist and study co-author Vincent Savolainen. But “it’s part of the normal social life of primates”.

Nature | 4 min read
Reference: Nature Ecology & Evolution paper

Tasty treats to quash unwelcome squirrels

Almost £5 million ($6.6 million) will be spent stashing contraceptive-laden hazelnut butter in special squirrel feeders to suppress the population of invasive grey squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) in the United Kingdom. Researchers have been working on a world-first contraceptive for grey squirrels and a prototype feeder that allows heavy greys to access the buttery bait, but prevents lighter red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris) from getting inside. If it works, the approach could be cheaper and more effective than culling at protecting the country’s much loved rodents.

The Economist | 4 min read (free registration required)

EPA to stop taking saved lives into account

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) will reverse decades of policy and stop including human health in cost–benefit analyses when setting air-pollution limits, reports The New York Times. Instead, the agency will only tally the cost to industry of regulating two of the most widespread toxic pollutants: fine PM2.5 particulate matter and ozone. “The idea that EPA would not consider the public health benefits of its regulations is anathema to the very mission of EPA,” says legal scholar Richard Revesz.

The New York Times | 8 min read

Where did birds come from?

For more than a century, Archaeopteryx was the earliest known bird genus, and the only one known from the Jurassic period, when birds first evolved. Last year, fossils of a newly discovered genus revealed that Archaeopteryx wasn’t alone: a creature called Baminornis also walked the Jurassic Earth — and flew as well. These two genera of birds are so different that some researchers suggest that the first birds predated them both. The findings are revealing clues about how and why birds evolved, and hint that the evolutionary story of birds has an even earlier chapter than researchers thought.

Nature | 11 min read

Ask AI for reasoning help, not answers

To boost their creativity, people should ask artificial intelligence models how to think, not what to think, argues complexity-science researcher Brian Uzzi. The best collaborators help others to discover their own knowledge, and help to link ideas from seemingly disparate schools of thought, Uzzi says — two qualities that users can find in AI. If users ask bots for a reasoning process, not outright answers, “we can create partnerships that push past conventions and promote scientific innovation”, writes Uzzi.

Nature | 5 min read

Some climate progress is irreversible

Nine climate researchers and policy leaders, including the chair of the UK Climate Change Committee, argue that “key elements of climate action are irreversible” despite factors “such as the deliberate efforts by the current US administration to weaken climate policies, discredit climate science and promote fossil fuels”. They point to backstops that prevent regression, such as the proliferation of long-lived infrastructure to carry renewable energy. Another essential positive force: talking about what’s going well. “Stories that envision a positive, achievable future are themselves feedback loops,” they write.

Nature Climate Change | 12 min read